Abstract
The right to maintain a spiritual connection with what the Western world classifies as a “resource” is confirmed in the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. For Ligʷiłdaxʷ people this “spiritual connection” is informed by the 19th-century relational world, a world inhabited by human and non-human sentient beings where notions of reciprocity, care and respect were paramount. Through interviews with Elders, examination of oral texts and exploration of the ceremonial, I consider how the 19th-century enlivened world was ritually mediated and often codified in myth or legend. I then explore how, along with 21st-century experience, the 19th-century enlivened world has ongoing agency in the 21st century, remains formative of Ligʷiłdaxʷ morals and values, and is articulated through concepts of responsibility and identity. Finally, I argue that the 19th-century relational world not only informs Indigenous stewardship laws, but also informs Indigenous rights to decision making in the modern context.
Deidre Cullon, Adjunct, Master of Community Planning Department, Vancouver Island University